AI Agent Glossary: Business and Technical Terms

AI AGENTS FOR BUSINESS RESOURCE CENTER

Use this glossary to translate agentic-AI terminology into practical operational meaning.

Reviewed and updated July 2026.

Core concepts

AI agent
Software that pursues a goal by interpreting context and taking permitted actions.
Agentic AI
AI systems designed to plan, use tools, and act across multiple steps.
Autonomy
The degree to which a system can act without case-by-case human approval.
Copilot
An assistant that helps a person perform a task while the person remains in control.
Orchestration
Coordination of agents, workflows, tools, state, and handoffs.
Multi-agent system
A system in which specialized agents collaborate or divide responsibilities.

Models and knowledge

Large language model (LLM)
A model trained to process and generate language and other structured representations.
Context window
The information available to a model during one inference.
Embedding
A numeric representation used to compare semantic similarity.
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)
Retrieving relevant source material and supplying it to a model before generation.
Grounding
Tying output to authoritative data or verifiable evidence.
Hallucination
A plausible-sounding but unsupported or incorrect model output.

Tools and execution

Tool calling
A model selecting a defined function or API with structured arguments.
API
A defined interface through which software systems exchange requests and data.
Workflow
A sequence of tasks, decisions, and handoffs that produces an outcome.
State
Stored information about a workflow’s current progress.
Idempotency
Design that prevents repeated requests from causing duplicate effects.
Human in the loop
A design requiring human review, input, or approval at defined points.

Safety and governance

Guardrail
A control that limits output, data access, or actions.
Prompt injection
Malicious or untrusted content that attempts to redirect model behavior.
Least privilege
Granting only the minimum access required for a task.
Audit trail
A record of inputs, decisions, tool calls, approvals, and outcomes.
Observability
Logs, traces, metrics, and evaluations used to understand system behavior.
Evaluation
Systematic measurement of quality, safety, cost, and task performance.
Escalation
Routing a case to a person or controlled process when the agent should not proceed.

Business measures

Containment rate
The percentage of cases completed without human takeover.
Correction rate
The percentage of outputs a person must materially fix.
Cost per outcome
Total operating cost divided by successfully completed business outcomes.
Payback period
Time required for net benefits to recover the initial investment.
Service-level objective (SLO)
A measurable reliability or performance target.

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